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帕特拉斯发布阿富汗合约指导

喀布尔,阿富汗( 美联社 ) --北约组织指挥部发布新的方针给予阿富汗价值几亿美元的国际合约,北约表示对资金没有适当的监管,会使资金最后落入叛乱分子和罪犯之手,加深腐化并且破坏在战争中努力赢得阿富汗人民的忠诚。

上星期通过将军大卫帕特拉斯发出和在星期日美联社取得的方针,方针回应了军方的自己缔约的进程,在某些情况中,战场上的努力将背道而驰。

在绝大部分中,变化的目的,被访问的人抱怨说尽管自从2001年来数十亿美元川流不息地涌入阿富汗,但平民的生活看起来只有一点变化。

帕特拉斯在两页备忘录中写道,“适当的疏忽,方针能刺激经济繁荣的发展并且支持阿富汗的政府和北约组织作战的目的。 如果,然而,我们迅速花费大量的国际契约资金,没有充足的监管,这很可能使资金的一部分无意的被贪污,资助叛乱组织,加强资助犯罪的网络并且在阿富汗破坏我们的努力”。

私人的立约商,阿富汗和外国人两者,像美国和北约军事提供一系列的服务,包括运输、安全、保持餐饮设施和军事基地的环境卫生,训练及建筑的正常运转。

尽管大部分预算计算出一年需要大概14十亿美元,但精确计算出支付给立约商的总资金是难以计算出的。联合缔约的指挥官,海军上将卡斯琳都丝尔特,引证最近的7月数据说,自从2008年起花费在阿富汗的总金额增至三倍。

但是,总统哈米德·卡尔扎伊长期批评国际缔约进程,表示破损严重的阿富汗人没有获得完全的利益,因为大多数钱给了昂贵的立约者,次级承包商和政治掮客。

阿富汗人同样抱怨太多契约使同一立约人受益。

在阿富汗人之间,帕特拉斯写道“带有一个较广阔范围的阿富汗的公司的合约将帮助中断垄断并且削弱孕育仇恨的广播电视网。 在政治掮客无法选择与犯罪网络的联系,比这更好的选择是放弃这个计划”。

新的方针表示如果军方不能与阿富汗的公司订约,合约应该首先照顾阿富汗人,立约的公司应被鼓励雇佣阿富汗的工人和转包商。帕特拉斯引用一个喀布尔公司作为一个北约组织的“首个阿富汗”计划的成功案例,这个公司主要是制作阿富汗警察和士兵的靴子。

帕特拉斯写道,“将努力集中于促进带有短期和长期的增长潜力的产业,诸如农业,食物处理,饮料和建筑。防止‘前面商业’,用欺骗的手段要求阿富汗所有”。

指挥官必须使用情报资源来了解有关公司,他们处理和决定每一件合约,要保证效果“安全,地方力量驱动和敌方”

根据陆军工兵部队,成就授予立约的阿富汗公司,然而,这不一定是最快的方式去建立军事基地或者阿富汗的警察局。军已抱怨在非常时期这些努力导致延迟,北约组织匆匆将成千上万的国际部队调度到战场。

在西南方的美国陆军工兵部队长官上校凯文威尔逊说支持计划协定建设要不准时完成,要不与阿富汗人立约。

帕特拉斯的计划也主要许多转包商的陷阱。

他说,“过度的分包给犯罪网络和叛乱分子提供机会,故意转移合同保证金”,增加总承包商应该为其行为负责和监管其。

五角大楼的新的“承包人透明条款”要求立约者列举其转包商的名单,在工程中改进其监管。根据警卫室说明,竞标美国军方的立约者必须提供所有转包商的名单,提供许可,人员和银行业务信息。 阿富汗和伊拉克订阅授权的领导,将军卡米尔尼克尔斯最近将新的条款简要报告。

仍然,不说阿富汗人对其政府和国际社会的不满,透明度运动可能在腐化已变得广泛传播的贫困国家是艰难的。少的监管,不清楚是否会使多数的合同重现贪污。


 
Petraeus issues guidance for Afghan contracting

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) -- The NATO command has issued new guidelines for awarding billions of dollars worth of international contracts in Afghanistan, saying that without proper oversight the money could end up in the hands of insurgents and criminals, deepen corruption and undermine efforts to win the loyalty of the Afghan people at a critical juncture in the war.

The guidance, issued last week by Gen. David Petraeus and obtained Sunday by The Associated Press, was issued in response to concern that the military's own contracting procedures could be, in some cases, running counter to efforts on the battlefield.

The changes are aimed, in large part, at addressing complaints that ordinary Afghans have seen little change in their daily lives despite billions poured into their country since 2001.

"With proper oversight, contracting can spur economic development and support the Afghan government and NATO's campaign objectives," Petraeus wrote in a two-page memorandum. "If, however, we spend large quantities of international contracting funds quickly and with insufficient oversight, it is likely that some of those funds will unintentionally fuel corruption, finance insurgent organizations, strengthen criminal patronage networks and undermine our efforts in Afghanistan."

Private contractors, both Afghans and foreigners, provide a range of services to U.S. and NATO forces, including transportation, security, running dining facilities and sanitation at military bases, training and construction.

Precise figures on the amount of money paid to contractors were unavailable, though most estimates put the figure at about $14 billion a year. Admiral Kathleen Dussault, head of the Joint Contracting Command, was quoted as recently as July saying that the amount of money being spent in Afghanistan had tripled since 2008.

But President Hamid Karzai has long criticized the international contracting process, saying that war-weary Afghans have not reaped the full benefits because so much of the money goes to high-priced contractors, subcontractors and powerbrokers.

Afghans also complain that too many contracts are awarded to the same contractors.

"Contracts with a broader range of Afghan companies will help break monopolies and weaken patronage networks that breed resentment" among the Afghan people, Petraeus wrote. "In situations where there is no alternative to powerbrokers with links to criminal networks, it may be preferable to forgo the project."

The new guidance said that contracts should go to Afghans first and if the military cannot contract with an Afghan company, the company that is awarded the contract should be encouraged to hire Afghan workers and subcontractors. Petraeus referenced a Kabul company that is making boots for Afghan police and soldiers as a success story of NATO's "Afghan First" program.

"Focus efforts on promoting industries with immediate and long-term growth potential, such as agriculture, food processing, beverages and construction," Petraeus wrote. "Guard against 'front businesses' that fraudulently claim to be Afghan-owned."

Commanders must use intelligence resources to learn a lot about the companies they are dealing with and determine the effect of each contract on "security, local power dynamics and the enemy."

The effort to award contracts to Afghan firms, however, is not always the fastest way to build military bases or Afghan police stations, according to the Army Corps of Engineers. The Corps has complained that the effort has led to delays at the very time that NATO has been rushing to accommodate tens of thousands more international troops dispatched to the war.

While supportive of the project, Col. Kevin Wilson, the head of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the south and west, said the trade-off is that construction can either be done on time, or contracted to the Afghans.

Petraeus' guidance also noted the pitfalls of too many subcontractors.

"Excessive subcontracting tiers provide opportunities for criminal networks and insurgents to divert contract money from its intended purpose," he said, adding that prime contractors should be held responsible for the behavior and performance of their subcontractors.

The Pentagon's new "contractor's transparency clause" requires lead contractors to list subcontractors on a project to improve oversight. Anyone who bids on U.S. military contracts has to provide a list of all their subcontractors, provide licensing, personnel and banking information, according to Brig. Gen. Camille Nichols, head of the contracting authority for both Afghanistan and Iraq, who recently briefed reporters on the new clause.

Still, the transparency campaign might prove difficult in an impoverished country where corruption has become widespread, leaving Afghans disgruntled with their government and the international community. With little oversight, it's unclear where most of the contract corruption occurs.


 

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